DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

I. Pengertian

Direct speech   : adalah kalimat langsung ("...")

Indirect Speech : adalah kalimat tidak langsung (...)

II. Perubahan Tenses

Direct	Indirect
Simple present S+V1/S+is/am/are	Past tense S+V2/S+was/were
Present continuos tense S+is/am/are+Ving	Past continous tense S+was/were+Ving
Present perfect tense S+have/has+V2	Past perfect tense S+had+V3
Present perfect continous tense S+have/has+been+Ving	Past perfect continous tense S+had+been+ing
Simple past tense S+V2 / S+was/were	Simple perfect tense S+had+V3 / S+had+been
Past continous tense S+was/were+Ving	Past perfect continous tense S+had+been+Ving
Simple future S+will	Past future S+would
Future continous tense S+will+be+Ving	Past future continous tense S+would+be+Ving
Future perfect tense S+will+have+V3	Past future perfect tense S+would+have+V3
Future perfect continous tense S+will+have+been+Ving	Past future continous tense S+would+have+been+Ving

#Question (Pertanyaan)

a. Yes/no question

   If/wheither+S+P

Exp: -D : Rina asks, "are you happy"

      I : Rina ask if i am happy

     -D : Jacob asked, "do you speak english"

          Jacob asked if i spoke english

b. W+H question

   W+H question+S+P

Exp: D : Andi asks, "what are you doing?"

     I : Andi asks what i am doing

#Imperative (Perintah & Larangan)

a. Larangan : Not+to infinitive

   Exp : D : Mother told me "don't be noisy"

         I : MOther told me not to be noisy

b. Perintah : to infinitive

   Exp : D : Mother told me, "close the door"

         I : Mother told me to close the door